フィールド日記

共生の森で、高校１年生が植菌したシイタケが発生していました。シイタケは春と秋に発生します。ほだ木として用いられている木はクヌギで、里山の代表的な樹種です。


"Shiitake (シイタケ)" mushrooms that 10th grade students planted are growing in the Kyoseinomori-Forest (共生の森). "Shiitake" mushrooms grow in spring and fall. The wood used as bed log is the "Kunugi (クヌギ)" tree, which is a typical tree in "Satoyama (里山)".

天井にホシヒメホウジャクが止まっていました。スズメガのなかまとしては小型で、35mm～40mmほどです。また、後翅の縁にこぶ状の突起があり、翅が波打っているように見えるのも特徴です。成虫で越冬することもあります。


I found a "Hoshi-Hime-Houjaku (ホシヒメホウジャク)" on the ceiling. Despite of a moth that belongs to a group of "hawk moth", they are small and 35 mm to 40 mm in length. They are characterized by the rear wings that have protrusions looking like a wave. Some of them stay over the winter as adults.

裏道でアマチャヅルの果実を見つけました。萼や花弁の名残と思われる環状の模様があるのが特徴です。和名は葉に甘味があり、本種からつくったお茶の味が、アジサイの仲間のアマチャからつくったお茶に似ることが由来と言われています。（アマチャヅルの花のようすはこちら）


I found the fruit of "Amacha-Zuru (アマチャヅル)" on the back road. The fruit is characterized by the ring pattern on it, which is the remain of its calyx and petal. The name comes from the fact that their leaves are sweet and the tea made of their leaves tastes like the tea made of those of "Amacha (アマチャ)" plant, which belongs to the group of Hydrangea.

裏道でスズメウリの果実を見つけました。果実は1cmほどの球形で、はじめは緑色ですが、後に写真のように灰白色になります。和名のスズメウリは、カラスウリに対してより小型であることが由来のようです。


I found the fruit of "Suzume-Uri (スズメウリ)" plants on the back road. Their fruit is around 1 cm in diameter. They are green at first and turn ash-white later as you can see in the photo. The name "Suzume-Uri" means "sparrow-melon" and it comes from the fact that their fruit is smaller than the fruit of "Karasu-Uri (カラスウリ)" plants, whose name means "crow melon".

ナンテンの実が赤く色づいています。関東以西に自生していますが、かつて中国から渡来した栽培品が逸出したものとも言われています。和名のナンテンが「難転、難を転ずる」に通ずることから縁起が良い木とされ、公園や庭木としてしばしば植栽されています。


The fruit of "Nanten (ナンテン)" trees has turned red. They live in the west of Kanto region, however, it's said that they derived from the cultivated trees that came from China in the past. The sound of their name can mean "turning difficulty into fortune" so they are regarded as a lucky tree. They are often planted in parks and gardens.

 裏道でヒメクダマキモドキを見つけました。本州では海に近い温暖な地域の林縁などでよく見られる種で、最近では都市部の公園でも見ることが多いようです。特にアカメガシワを好んで食べるようです。


I found a "Hime-Kudamaki-Modoki (ヒメクダマキモドキ)" cricket on the back road. In the main island of Japan, they are often seen on the edge of forests in warm regions near the sea. It's said that they are seen even in parks in the city these days. They like to eat leaves of "Akame-Gashiwa (アカメガシワ)" trees.

裏道でムラサキシキブが紫色の実をつけています。近縁種のコムラサキよりも大型で２～３mになり、実はややまばらにつきます。庭木としては小型で実付きのよいコムラサキのほうがよく見られますが、野生のものはほとんどムラサキシキブかヤブムラサキです。


I found the fruit of "Murasaki-Shikibu (ムラサキシキブ)" on the back road. Compared to a close relative species "Ko-Murasaki (コムラサキ)", they are larger growing up to 3 m in height and bear a little less fruit. "Ko-Murasaki" trees are more often seen in gardens because they are small and bear more fruit. However, in wild, almost all trees that belong to these similar species are "Murasaki-Shikibu" or "Yabu-Murasaki (ヤブムラサキ)".

裏道を歩いていると、目の前を紫の金属光沢のある蝶が横切りました。追いかけて確認するとムラサキツバメでした。後翅に尾状突起があることが特徴で、和名のツバメはこの突起に由来します。近年数が増えていると言われている蝶で、都市部の公園等でも見ることができるようです。しばらく待っていましたが、残念ながら翅を開いて紫色の綺麗な金属光沢を見せてくれることはありませんでした。


Walking on the back road, I saw a shiny purple butterfly flying. I followed the butterfly and found out it was a "Murasaki-Tsubame (ムラサキツバメ)" butterfly. They have tails on their rear wings and "Tsubame (ツバメ)" in their name comes from these tails. It's said that their number is increasing these days, so you can see them even at parks in urban areas. The butterfly didn't open its wings or show the shiny purple on its wings, while I was waiting looking at it.

カニクサが胞子をつけていました。シダ植物のなかまでは珍しくつる性です。茎が他の植物に巻き付きながら成長して葉を出しているように見えますが、実際は、地上に出た1枚の葉がつる状になって成長を続けています。


I found "Kanikusa" fern plants bearing spores. They are unique in that they are a vine plant even though they are a fern plant. It seems as if their stems grew winding other plants and sending out leaves. However, actually, one leaf, which looks like a stem, comes out from the ground growing like a vine.

裏道でセンニンソウの果実を見つけました。花の後、雌しべの花柱（かちゅう、柱頭と子房の間の部分）とその羽毛状の毛が伸びます。和名のセンニンは仙人を意味しており、この果実に生える羽毛状の毛を仙人の白髪に見立てたことに由来します。（センニンソウの花のようすはこちら）


I found the fruit of "Sennin-Sou (センニンソウ)" on the back road. After their flowering period, both their style, which is the part between their ovary and stigma, and their featherlike hair on it grow. “Sennin (センニン)” in its name means hermit and it comes from their featherlike hair on the fruit that looks like the hair of a hermit. (Click here to read an article about flowers of "Sennin-Sou").